A group of Japanese schoolchildren dedicate their
contribution of Thousand origami cranes at the Sadako Sasaki memorial in
Hiroshima.
There is much speculation about the origin of Origami. While
Japan seems to have had the most extensive tradition, there is evidence of an
independent tradition of paperfolding in China, as well as in Germany, Italy
and Spain among other places. However, because of the problems associated with
preserving origami, there is very little direct evidence of its age or origins,
aside from references in published material.
In China, traditional funerals include burning folded paper,
most often representations of gold nuggets (yuanbao). It is not known when this
practice started, but it seems to have become popular during the Sung Dynasty
(905–1125 CE). The paper folding has typically been of objects like dishes,
hats or boats rather than animals or flowers.
The earliest evidence of paperfolding in Europe is a picture
of a small paper boat in Tractatus de sphaera mundi from 1490. There is also
evidence of a cut and folded paper box from 1440. It is probable that
paperfolding in the west originated with the Moors much earlier, it is not
known if it was independently discovered or knowledge of origami came along the
silk route.
In Japan, the earliest unambiguous reference to a paper model
is in a short poem by Ihara Saikaku in 1680 which describes paper butterflies
in a dream. Origami butterflies were used during the celebration of Shinto
weddings to represent the bride and groom, so paperfolding had already become a
significant aspect of Japanese ceremony by the Heian period (794–1185) of
Japanese history, enough that the reference in this poem would be recognized.
Samurai warriors would exchange gifts adorned with noshi, a sort of good luck
token made of folded strips of paper.
In the early 1900's, Akira Yoshizawa, Kosho Uchiyama, and
others began creating and recording original origami works. Akira Yoshizawa in
particular was responsible for a number of innovations, such as wet-folding and
the Yoshizawa–Randlett diagramming system, and his work inspired a renaissance
of the art form. During the 1980s a number of folders started systematically
studying the mathematical properties of folded forms, which led to a steady
increase in the complexity of origami models, which continued well into the
1990s, after which some designers started returning to simpler forms.
